1 H 1.008
Hydrogen
nonmetal · Group 1 · Period 1
3 section(s) thin
Atomic properties
Atomic number
1
Z
Density
0.00008988 g/cm³
at STP
Melting point
-259.16 °C
at 1 atm
Boiling point
-252.87 °C
at 1 atm
Crystal structure
hexagonal
Electron config.
1s¹
Oxidation states
-1, +1
most common
Market data
No tradeable futures market for H on Yahoo / Stooq. Live market data is
not available; pricing in this page is based on contract reference figures from
the source documents.
Commercial forms & specifications
| Product Form | Chemical Formula | Molecular Weight | Typical Purity | Price Range (USD/kg) | Main Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grey Hydrogen (SMR) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.9-99.999% | $1.50-2.50 | Refineries, ammonia, chemicals |
| Blue Hydrogen (SMR+CCS) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.9-99.999% | $2.50-4.00 | Low-carbon industrial uses |
| Green Hydrogen (Electrolysis) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.9-99.999% | $4.00-8.00 | Fuel cells, energy storage |
| Liquid Hydrogen | H₂(l) | 2.016 g/mol | 99.999% | $8.00-15.00 | Aerospace, electronics |
| Compressed H₂ (350 bar) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.97-99.999% | $4.00-8.00 | Fuel cell vehicles, storage |
| Compressed H₂ (700 bar) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.97-99.999% | $6.00-12.00 | Fuel cell vehicles |
| Ultra-Pure H₂ (6N) | H₂ | 2.016 g/mol | 99.9999% | $50.00-200.00 | Semiconductors, research |
| Ammonia (H₂ carrier) | NH₃ | 17.031 g/mol | 99.5-99.9% | $0.40-0.80 | H₂ transport, fertilizers |
| Methanol (H₂ carrier) | CH₃OH | 32.04 g/mol | 99.85% | $0.35-0.60 | H₂ storage, chemicals |
| LOHC (Toluene/MCH) | C₇H₁₄ | 98.19 g/mol | 95-99% | $1.20-2.50 | H₂ transport, storage |
| Metal Hydrides | MH₂ | Variable | 95-99% | $20.00-100.00 | H₂ storage, batteries |
| Deuterium | D₂ | 4.028 g/mol | 99.8-99.96% | $1,000-3,000 | Nuclear, research, pharma |
Suppliers by country
🇺🇸 United States
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Air Products | Grey/Blue/Green H₂, liquid H₂, pipeline supply | World's largest H₂ producer, mega-scale green projects |
| Air Liquide USA | Industrial H₂, liquid H₂, ultra-pure H₂ | SMR plants, hydrogen refueling stations |
| Linde (Praxair) | Grey/Blue H₂, liquid H₂, on-site generation | Pipeline networks, electrolysis systems |
| Plug Power | Green H₂, liquid H₂ | Green hydrogen production, fuel cells |
🇩🇪 Germany
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Linde AG | Industrial H₂, green H₂, liquid H₂ | Electrolysis technology, H₂ liquefaction |
| Siemens Energy | Green H₂ systems | PEM electrolyzers, integrated H₂ solutions |
| Thyssenkrupp | Green H₂ systems | Alkaline electrolysis, GW-scale projects |
🇫🇷 France
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Air Liquide | All H₂ forms, liquid H₂, carriers | Global leader, H₂ infrastructure |
| TotalEnergies | Blue/Green H₂, ammonia | Large-scale H₂ projects, renewable integration |
🇯🇵 Japan
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Iwatani Corporation | Liquid H₂, compressed H₂, carriers | Japan's largest liquid H₂ supplier |
| Kawasaki Heavy Industries | Liquid H₂, H₂ carriers | Liquid H₂ tankers, supply chain |
| Chiyoda Corporation | LOHC systems, H₂ carriers | SPERA Hydrogen technology |
🇦🇺 Australia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Fortescue Future Industries | Green H₂, ammonia | Massive green H₂ projects, export focus |
| Origin Energy | Green H₂, ammonia | Export-scale green hydrogen |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| NEOM Green Hydrogen | Green H₂, ammonia | World's largest green H₂ project (2026) |
| Saudi Aramco | Blue H₂, ammonia | Blue hydrogen/ammonia export |
🇨🇳 China
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Sinopec | Grey/Green H₂, refueling stations | China's largest H₂ producer |
| China Energy (CHN Energy) | Coal-based H₂, green H₂ | Integrated energy/H₂ projects |
| Baofeng Energy | Green H₂ | Solar-powered electrolysis |
🇮🇳 India
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Reliance Industries | Grey/Blue/Green H₂ | Giga-scale green H₂ plans |
| Adani Green Energy | Green H₂, ammonia | Integrated renewable H₂ projects |
| Indian Oil Corporation | Grey/Green H₂ | Refinery H₂, green transition |
Market demand by product form
| Product Form | Global Market Size | USA Market | China Market | Growth Rate (CAGR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grey Hydrogen (SMR) | $150 billion | 15% share | 30% share | 3.5% |
| Blue Hydrogen | $12 billion | 25% share | 10% share | 15.0% |
| Green Hydrogen | $8 billion | 20% share | 25% share | 35.0% |
| Liquid Hydrogen | $2.5 billion | 40% share | 15% share | 8.5% |
| Compressed H₂ (Mobility) | $3.8 billion | 25% share | 30% share | 22.0% |
| Ultra-Pure H₂ | $1.2 billion | 35% share | 25% share | 6.5% |
| Ammonia (as H₂ carrier) | $85 billion | 8% share | 28% share | 5.0% |
| Methanol (as H₂ carrier) | $32 billion | 12% share | 38% share | 4.5% |
Market trends
Green H₂ Scaling: Over 1,000 GW of electrolyzer projects announced globally, though only 50 GW expected by 2030 Cost Reduction: Green H₂ costs falling rapidly - target $1.50/kg by 2030 in optimal locations Infrastructure Build: $500 billion committed globally for H₂ infrastructure through 2030 Policy Support: USA IRA offers $3/kg production tax credit; EU mandates 42% renewable H₂ by 2030 Ammonia Trade: Blue/green ammonia emerging as primary H₂ carrier for international trade Industrial Decarbonization: Steel and chemicals sectors driving demand for clean H₂ Transport Growth: Heavy-duty trucking and shipping adopting H₂ faster than passenger vehicles Storage Innovation: LOHC and solid-state storage gaining traction for long-distance transport
Moles per kilogram
| Product Form | Formula | MW (g/mol) | Moles/kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen Gas | H₂ | 2.016 | 496.03 |
| Deuterium | D₂ | 4.028 | 248.26 |
| Water | H₂O | 18.015 | 55.51 |
| Ammonia | NH₃ | 17.031 | 58.72 |
| Methanol | CH₃OH | 32.04 | 31.21 |
| Methylcyclohexane (LOHC) | C₇H₁₄ | 98.19 | 10.19 |
| Lithium Hydride | LiH | 7.95 | 125.79 |
| Sodium Borohydride | NaBH₄ | 37.83 | 26.44 |
References
No citations on this page yet. References will appear here once enrichment runs.
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Coverage notes
The following sections are thin or absent in the source document for this element. They will be filled by enrichment passes (NIST atomic, OSHA/NIOSH safety, USGS / IAI environmental).
- Missing section: Raw Material Sources
- Missing section: Production Cost
- Missing section: Energy Consumption